Nike and International Labor Practice Essay Example for Free

Nike and International Labor Practice Essay Problem Identification Established in the early 70s Nike, Inc., based in Beaverton, Oregon, USA faced a severe stream of criticism and experienced growing problems concerning their plants and employee treatment, mainly in Indonesia and Vietnam in 1988. Rising demand for Nike products, which almost doubled within a short period of time, led the company and its 350+ subcontractors to raise the production level. Series of labor problems and abuse such as cheap labor wages, poor working conditions, health and safety issues and underage workers exploitation, were the main issues Nike had to deal with. Furthermore, Nike, Inc. had to deal with managing the diversity of cultures and language barriers had to be overcome, while still be able to produce the high-quality product Nike is famous for. Throughout the 1990s Phil Knight, CEO of Nike, Inc. and the company itself lost their superb corporate image in the eye of the world and it became an international incident. Causes of Problem After establishing a name in the world, Phil Knight, decided to manufacture Nikes apparel in South Korea and Taiwan, and by 1982 already 86% of Nikes sneakers came from these two countries. Realizing that Asian countries like Indonesia, Vietnam and China provide cheaper labor cost, better government support and higher profit, Nike moved their production lines there, with Indonesia becoming an important location. In 1991, the daily minimum wage was barely $1 in Indonesia, compared to a typical daily wage of $24.40 in South Korea and a US hourly wage of about $8 in athletic shoe manufacturing. Even that the Indonesian government raised the minimum wage from 2,100 Rupiah ($1.00/day) to 2,500 Rupiah ($1.25/day), the new wage was still underneath the workers living expenses. In 1992, these issues went outside of Indonesia and even hit Washington D.C., when President Clinton introduced the task force Apparel Industry Partnership (AIP) to develop and control labor standards for foreign fact ories. Although Nike was the first one to join, they had trouble convincing people that everything went right in their plants in Asia. Ernst Young was being hired to control and audit the factories, but soon voices became loud, that there was not a really  objective view at the problems, since Nike was paying them. It hit the peak in 1997/ 1998, when TV shows, newspapers and even a movie (The Big One) were talking about the bad conditions within Nikes factories in Asia and publicly challenged Phil Knight to change the way workers were treated, compensated and how underage workers were employed. Adidas, Reebok and New Balance took advantage of Nikes down slope and gained in competitive advantage. This led to diminishing sales number, earnings fell 69%, and for the first time in 13 years Nike, Inc. had a loss at the end of the year 1998. Alternatives 1.Government regulation of Nike Advantages: a)Local Government would have a closer look onto what is happening in its own country and with their people b)US Government could also have a closer look onto what Nike is doing abroad and would be able to intervene any illegal activity from the motherland c)Both governments would work closer together and it would open doors for other US companies to invest in the foreign country Disadvantages: a)As indicated in the case, some governments just see the money that is brought into the country, regardless what is happening within the company, or better said to its people. b)Ties between the US government and the foreign country might not be the best, due to political tensions, and makes it therefore tougher to work together. 2.Improve employees working and living standards Advantages: a)A happy employee is a better worker improve the employees living standard by raising his wage, giving him more benefits (health insurance, vacation time), lessen his working hours, etc. b)Equal Opportunity give chances to workers to move up the company ladder, and not only bring outside people in. Furthermore, adjust workers compensation, working hours and labor conditions to human standards. c)Extensive training and development for managers All managers should learn foreign countrys language, living habits and adapt to culture. Training the workers on the job will also help to overcome workforce diversity and make the workplace a better place to be. Disadvantages: a)The changes will take time and will be cost effective. b)Adapt to western working habits, might be a huge change for Asian workforce and might not be adapted well 3.Documentation and Inspection Advantages: a)Factories will be supervised, by either the local government or organizations b)Inspections will lead to better working conditions c)Workers will have someone to talk to and will not be left alone Disadvantages: a)Again, organizations might be paid by Nike and not report the whole truth b)Reports from workers might be left alone and not brought up to people in charge Best Alternative The best alternative for Nike, Inc. is to undertake all three alternatives simultaneously. In order to gain back the market share and competitive advantage, their global view has to strengthen. They started off very well by implementing some of the above-mentioned ideas. These alternatives will just help them to become a stronger player in this fast growing and very competitive business world. Implementation Steps The actions, that Nike, Inc. should take are as followed: First they should work on getting their name back into the right spotlight, by implementing the alternatives. The governments will be more than willing to help them and since Nike is recognized all over the world, even the local governments/ countries are keen on keeping them in their country and employ their citizens. This might even bring countries like the USA and Indonesia closer together and more companies from the US will be ready to go to Indonesia and produce there. Secondly, the workers benefits, life standard and work habits are the most important of all of the alternatives. Nike, Inc. should invest most of their research and development in this field, since the wages are still not as they should be. An idea would be to start raising the wages to at least the countrys standard, so that people can live off their earnings a normal life. Nike started successfully the implementation of programs that involved increasing the workers living standard in the developing world, but still the compensation of the worker is the main problem that needs to be taken on right away. Secure working places, no lay-offs and safe working environments should be steps that must be taken immediately, only then we can see the difference and make a worker a happy  and productive employee. Last but not least, Nike should be watched, inspected and documented upon. It will not only help the factories in Vietnam or Indonesia, but also the company itself. Once outside organizations tell Nike where they need to improve on and do it after being told, then the company will also get into the positive spotlight, which will resume in higher sales and more profit. Nike will then be again the strongest contender in supporting and sponsoring universities, pro athletes and teams and most important a company that everybody wants to work for, regardless where.

Salems Lot and The Shining :: essays research papers

Stephen King sets up the perfect horror scene in room 217 by buliding off of Hitchcock and hos own previous work, Salem's Lot. King uses Hitchcock's definition of great horror to set for the scene in romm 217. He also uses background from his old work, Salems Lot. Alfred Hitchcock's idea of horror involves human suspense and teh realistic aspect of scary situations. Hitchcocks masterful directing leads the audience to be the frist to understand what is going on. The characters are left in the dark until the suspense reaches its climax. As the impending danger builds, the viewer is allowed to wtiness the situation before the character. This raises the level of suspense making it more realistic. Hitchcock takes normal situations and adds a terffiying twist. The twist is always something that has never happened, but is definetely possible. Hitchcocks The Birds is an excellent example of this. He takes normal situation with normal birds and turns them into killers. As the birds gather behind one unsuspecting victim, only the audience is allowed to see the impending danger. The woman is calm and collected as she waits on the bench. Hitchcock adds a little scare music and the woman suddenly realizes she is being watched. She whips around in horror a nd the birds are there ready to attack. This scfene is not a common occurance, but to an overactive imagination it could become a very real possibility. Kings early work Salems Lot helps to prove he has created the perfect horror scene in room 217. Salems lot was, at that time, a suspenseful story about vampires and things that lurk in the night. The plot was predictable, new guys come to town, vampires attack, suspcicious old man is accused. When King wrote Salems Lot his techniques for horror and suspense were still yound and under developed. The element of surprise was more evident than that of suspense. The writing of King matured greatly before he wrote The Shining. The scene in roo, 217 us a perfect horror scene as it takes a realistic situation and turns it frightening. As the beginning of the nover danny is warned by Hallorann not to enter room 217. The first step has been completed, the warning. The second step of building the action begins. Danny steals the passkey, but not only that as Jack has been having hallucinations along with Danny.

Corporation Rules and Regulations Essay

The group had been liable for 70% of Australian asbestos consumption. However, in February 2007, ASIC had started to impose civil proceedings against James Hardie, the directors and the officers, as ASIC alleged that JHIL and both executive and non-executive had breached their statutory duty. This short research report had outlined the role of ASIC and various penalty that ASIC can impose under Corporation Act 2001. Besides that, we will also discuss the position that ASIC had held from 2004 until current date in relation to the directors of Hardie group. At last, I had provided a summary of the ASIC’s media release that had been established on 13 May 2011, and indentified the element that ASIC is hoping the High Court to uphold. The Role of ASIC: The Australian Security and Investment Commission (ASIC) is a commonwealth statutory corporation that set up by Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act, and it is a regulator which in charge of monitoring the Australia’s Corporation, products, markets and financial services (Lipton, Herzberg and Welsh 2012, p. 736). On the other hand, ASIC is also a commonwealth authority that is responsible for governing the Corporation Act. ASIC Act provided that ASIC owned such powers and function that endowed by the corporation legislation to ASIC. Thus, what exactly is the corporation legislation means? Under Section 5(1), they had interpreted the term ‘corporation legislation’ to mean the ASIC Act and the Corporation Act (Baxt, Finnane and Harris 2012). Besides that, ASIC also owned the power to initiate prosecution for criminal offences or apply for civil penalty orders if they believed that there’s a contravention of the law. ASIC is also able to ban a director from managing a company for a certain period if they contravened their general duties. For instance, in the case of ASIC v Stephen William Vizard [2005], the court held that as a director of Telstra, Mr. Vizard has contravened the Corporation Act: Section 183, the duty of director to use the information in an improper purpose, and gain advantage for himself, thus, the court order pecuniary penalties and a disqualification order against Mr. Vizard (Price Waterhouse Coopers 2012). As a result of that, ASIC actually played a significant role in relation to initiate prosecution against companies directors for misconduct in order to ensure corporation and those related parties are complied with the corporation legislation. Now, let us look at the duties of a corporation’s directors under Corporation Act and what penalty can ASIC can imposed if the directors do not comply with the Corporation Act. The duties of a company’s director: The term ‘director’ is a person who is appointed to manage control or govern the affairs of a corporation. Under Section 9 definitions, the term directors extend to a person who is not formally appointed as a director, but they act as a director or whose instruction or whishes are followed customarily (Baxt, Finnane and Harris 2012). In chapter 2D. 1 of the Corporation Act, from Section 180 until Section 184, it dedicated that the principle duties of a director. They can be listed as followed: †¢Section 180 stated that a director or other officer of a corporation must exercise their power and discharge the duties in a manner with care and diligence (Mclnnes Wilson Lawyers 2011). Section 181 declared that, a director should exercise their power and discharge their duties in good faith where it’s in the best interest of the corporation and for a proper purpose (Mclnnes Wilson Lawyers 2011). †¢Section 182 stated that, a director must not improperly use their position to obtain an advantage for themselves or other or cause lesion to the company. (Armstrong Lawyers 2007). Having understood the general duties of a company’s director, we can now look at the penalties that ASIC could impose if the directors had breach their duty or do not comply with the Corporation Act 2001. The penalties: As we mentioned before, the Australian Securities and Investment (ASIC) is a national body that’s responsible to govern the corporation legislation and securities regulation in Australia. ASIC obtained the power to investigate potential contravention of the corporation law and significant penalties can be imposed on the directors who had failed to perform their duties. The section of the Corporation Act attracting civil penalties under Section 1317J (1), ASIC can apply to the court for a: †¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœDeclaration of contravention’ †¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœPecuniary penalties ‘ †¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœCompensation order’ (Baxt, Finnane and Harris 2012) 1)Pecuniary penalty order: The court may order a pecuniary penalty of up to $200,000 to a director who breaches his duty under Corporation Act. Once the declaration of a contravention by the person had been made (Section 1317E), and the contravention is a corporation penalty (Price Waterhouse Coopers 2012). (2)Compensation order: Under Section 1317H, the court may order a person to compensate the company where loss is suffered because the person had contravened a corporation civil penalty provision (Price Waterhouse Coopers 2012). (3)Disqualification from managing a company: The Corporation Act Section 206C conferred ASIC the power to disqualify the directors from managing a company for a certain periods of time due to the contravention of their general duties (Price Waterhouse Coopers 2012). This concept can be illustrated by the following case: ASIC v Vines [2006], it had been found that Mr. Vines had breached his duty of care and diligence by misleading and an inadequate disclosure of material information to the board of directors and failure to ensure the statement was incorrect. The board was relying on Mr. Vines to make complete disclosure to all material matters. The court held that, as the director had breach their duties of care and diligence b providing fault statement, thus, he had breach civil penalty provisions. The court decided that, Mr. Vines will have to receive a 3 years disqualification, pay a pecuniary penalty of $100,000 and 22% of the ASIC cost (Price Waterhouse Coopers 2012). ASIC’s position that held from 2004-2012: The position of ASIC held from 2004-2012 in relation to the directors of James Hardie case had not altered. Why would I say that? Below is the details of ASIC’s position in relation to the directors of James Hardie: On he 27th February 2004, the NSW government had authorized Mr. David Jackson to conduct a special commission of Inquiry into James Hardie newly founded foundation-Medical Research and Compensation Foundation (Australian Council of Trade Union 2007). At first instance, it had been found out that, the foundation was in fact had a nearly 1. 5 billion of shortfall, and a media release saying that the MRCF is ‘fully founded’ to meet all the current and future asbestos claims to the Australia Securities Exchange through the approval of the board directors during the directors meeting. Thus, ASIC had alleged that JHIL had made a misleading and deceptive statement. As a result of that, it had raised a principle issue for the board of directors of JHIL, whether or not they had knowingly voted in favor of releasing the ‘misleading’ announcement to ASX (Alcorn 2011). In addition, the sub issues that had been raised are under Section 180(1), was a general counsel can be treated as an officer? The Original Decision: In April 2009, ASIC held that all of the executive, non-executive and company officer had breached their duty of care by approving the media statement to be made in ASX. In particularly, ASIC had alleged that, the company chief executive officer and company secretary or general counsel, Mr. Macdonald and Mr. Shafron had breached the director’s duty of care and diligence under Section 180(1) as they had failed to advice the board to disclose the DOCI information to ASX (Hargovan 2009). Thus the court had imposed penalties on both of them: †¢Mr. Macdonald was disqualified from managing a company for 15 years and a pecuniary penalty of $350,000. According to the Corporation Act 2001, Section 180(1), an officer obtain the power in decision making which affected the whole or substantial part of a business, thus, Mr, Shafron had a positive obligation to advise the board of the disclosure of DOCI. In relation, he was given a disqualification order for 7 years and a pecuniary penalty of $75,000 (Baxt, Finnane and Harris 2012). †¢Mr. Morley had been banned from the management for 5 years and paid a pecuniary penalty of $35,000. †¢However, all of the seven former non-executives directors were disqualified from management for 5 years each and a pecuniary penalty of $30,000. The Appeal: In December 2010, the NSW court of Appeal overturned the finding in relation to liabilities and penalties of the non-executives directors, the CFO and secretary general counsel of James Hardie Industries Ltd as ASIC had failed to prove that the ASX media statement was approved by the board, and as the appellate court had established that some of the directors had acted honestly without any intention to gain benefit from themselves, which is under Section 1317 of the Corporation Act 2001 (Hargovan 2011). Thus, amendment had been made in relation to lessen the liabilities and penalty of the directors and officer can be found in later section (summary of media release). Nevertheless, it’s worth noting that Mr. Shafron, Mr. Morley and ASIC had filled application for special leave to appeal the decision of the Court of Appeal. In May 2011, ASIC had issued media release that stated that they had granted a special leave to appeal the James Hardie decision. ASIC didn’t change their position in relation to the directors of James Hardie and they are still seeking to uphold the finding that the directors of James Hardie had breached their duty by approving the ASX announcement made by the company (ASIC 2011). Media Release’s Summary: This article talk about the ASIC had granted a special leave from the High Court to appeal the decision of the New South Wales Court of Appeal in the James Hardie matter in relation to the former non-executive directors and the former company secretary and general counsel of James Hardie Industries Limited. The ASIC has actually filled his application in the High Court on 14 January 2011. The purpose of ASIC to strive for a special leave is they are seeking clarification about the nature, content and scope of ASIC’s obligation, while the Court of Appeal had concluded that ASIC had breached their duty of fairness, as they failed to call the witness Mr. Rob in the trial judge of James Hardie case (ASIC 2011). The failure to call the witness, Mr.Rob had make a tremendous impact on the decision of the court, as they cannot attest the non-executive directors had voted in favor of the ASX announcement’s draft (Thomas 2011). As a result of that, ASIC is hoping the High Court to uphold the finding if the trial judge that the directors had acted in favor in regards of the ASX announcement made by the company (ASIC 2011). Decision: As a result of that, in August 2009, the NSW Supreme Court had imposed pecuniary penalties on JHIL and all the non-executive officers and executive officers, plus a disqualification order on them for an extensive period.

walden two Essay - 812 Words

Walden Two nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In B.F. Skinner’s Walden Two, Skinner presents many positive changes to society in his utopia, such as: division of labor, encouragement of perusing your own interests in education, and absolute equality. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Walden Two, a member is paid in credits that are required by the society. Each person earns a certain amount of credits per hour for every job they do. Everyone is expected to work to receive 4-6 credits for one day. The amount of credits-per-hour depends on the job. A more physically demanding or unpleasant job would receive more points then something less taxing. This is an effective way or contracting society because it has people work enough to get the†¦show more content†¦When a child reaches high school they study when, what and for how long according to what they want. It is completely student driven and allows the students motivation to be the driving force for study. This is the opposite of today’s student who is driven by fear of failure, parents, and competition, as stated by Frazier. Since they will not be learning to become a high paying professional, they are learning for the sake of knowledge. This becomes something that is h ighly prized and children are motivated by to gain for themselves. It is important because it translate into other parts of their life; they do things for their own interest producing an all around happier individual and therefore a more productive whole. The happiness of a productive society member can also be attributed to equality of all society members. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Arguably the most enticing component to the Walden Two society is its belief in complete equality for all within the community. There is no distinction between men and women, they are all allowed to do their own work and live as they please. Work is not chosen because this is what a certain â€Å"type† of person should do (e.g. women should be n the kitchen etc.), but are rather selected for the job itself. They are driven to work for themselves and study for themselves. No one is denied or segregated for any reason. Managers and Planners, people who may beShow MoreRelatedUtopia Viewpoint in B.F. Skinners Book, Walden Two924 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948, B.F. Skinner published his novel, Walden Two, based on an utopian viewpoint that once arose from a dinner conversation with a friend. Skinner shared his thoughts with his companion about soldiers returning from war. Skinner was curious as to how soldiers could abandon adventure only to tie themselves down to pursue the â€Å"American Dream† when they could be exploring the world caught up in their own personal experiences (Altus Morris, 2004). However, Skinner’s utopian viewpoint was not aRead More Walden Two Essay952 Words   |  4 Pages Book Title: Walden Two Author: B.F. Skinner Pages: 301 I. SETTING: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A. Time: mid 1940’s (after the end of WWII) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;B. Place: Walden Two, R.D. I, Canton nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;C. Detailed description of the opening scene: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Rogers and Steve just returning from war, and looking for a new nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;beginning read an article on a man named Frazier who wasRead MoreIn Henry ThoreauS Walden Thoreau Spent Two Years Away904 Words   |  4 PagesThoreau s Walden Thoreau spent two years away from society living in a cabin in the woods with only the necessities. He was surrounded by farmers and would occasionally go into town. Thoreau was a transcendentalist that tried to find answers to life’s questions through nature. He challenged the regular way society would live and found that his way was a rewarding way of living.He compared the way that the farmers around him to how he was able to live and compared the difference of the two ways to liveRead MoreWalden Two Analysis789 Words   |  4 PagesB. F. Skinner’s Walden Two is a fictional account of a utopia set after World War II built on psychological techniques and behavioral enginee ring. Its creator, T. E. Frazier, is indicative of Skinner himself, who was a well-known behaviorist and psychologist in the mid-20th Century. â€Å"Give me the specifications, and I’ll give you the man!† he boasts in his novel. Although the words are really Frazier’s, they best summarize Skinner’s behaviorist model. Given enough knowledge about man’s behaviorRead More Positive Change In World Through Manipulation of Behavior in B.F Skinners Waldo Two812 Words   |  4 PagesPositive Change In World Through Manipulation of Behavior in B.F Skinners Waldo Two   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.F. Skinner, in his novel Walden Two, presents many arguments about how he foresees a positive change in the world through manipulation of behavior on the personal level. Sigmund Freud, in his works, specifically Civilization and Its Discontents, presents his view of human nature and what is innately problematic about it. Both Freud and Skinner agree that human behavior is the result of outside factorsRead MoreWalden Two Analysis914 Words   |  4 PagesB. F. Skinner’s novel, Walden Two, tells a story about a group of Americans discovering a way to escape from a broken world in a utopian society. The community, called Walden Two, unifies its members through strict policies and positive reinforcement. Even though outsiders find these policies strange, those who live in Walden are thankful for the happiness they experience. In his work, Skinner teaches his readers about behavioral engineering and how utopian communities would not be â€Å"perfect† withoutRead MoreBiography of Burrhus Frederic Skinner Essays1329 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology and moved to Minnesota to teach at the University of Minnesota. He met Yvonne Blue there and married her. Between raising a family and teaching Skinner was not able to do much work studying and experimenting with behavior. In 1944 World War Two was in full swing and Skinner was able to work on his behavior experiments. He was hired to work on a top secret government project. Skinner had a tough job to do, he had to teach pigeons to guide missiles. There were no missile guidance systems thenRead MoreUnderstanding the Psychologist Called Burrhus Frederick Skinner1190 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 4 Valerie Rountree Walden University Management in Human and Social Development - MGMT 8010 June 28, 2014 Understanding Burrhus Frederic Skinner B. F. Skinner was one of the most influential of American psychologists. A radical behaviorist, he developed the theory of operant conditioning, the idea that behavior is determined by its consequences, be they reinforcements or punishments, which make it more or unlikely that the behavior will be repeated again, (NNDB, 2014)Read More The Demons Within Essay4158 Words   |  17 Pagespsychologist, B.F. Skinner in his novel, Walden Two (1948). Well written and entertaining, Walden Two is directed to the layman rather than to the professional psychologist. It concerns a fictitious intentional community of 1,000 started by one Frazier (no first name or title ever mentioned) who applies the tools of behavioral modification to make of Walden Two the best of all possible worlds. Skinners technique as a propagandist is to show us Walden Two through the eyes of various outsiders whoRead MoreSummary Of Walden Two ( 1948 )757 Words   |  4 PagesSkinner is an American Psychologist from Pennsylvania who developed the idea of Behaviorism after studying at Harvard University (Biography.com Editors, n.d.). He is also known for his works such as, The Behavior of Organisms (1938), the novel Walden Two (1948), and later Beyond Freedom and Human Dignity (1971) which examines behaviorism in society (Biography.com Editors, n.d.). Burrhus Frederic Skinner was born and raised in Susquehanna, a little town in Pennsylvania on March 20,1904 (B.F. Skinner

Communicable Disease - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1204 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category Industry Essay Type Analytical essay Topics: AIDS (HIV) Essay Community Essay Did you like this example? Communicable Disease HCS/457 August 30, 2010 Rachaline Napier Communicable Disease What is a communicable disease? A communicable disease is an infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another either directly by contact or circuitously by fomites and vectors. HIV/AIDS is one of the many communicable diseases in the world. Throughout this presentation, a detailed analysis will be given on HIV/AIDS. I will also recommend different ways a community can educate individuals in order to help prevent this disease. HIV, also known as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a virus that attacks the immune system. If the immune system is not strong enough, it is hard for the body to fight off the virus. White blood cells are an imperative element of the immune system. HIV assaults and obliterates CD4+ cells. When a numerous amount of CD4+ cells are destroyed, the body can no longer protect itself against infection. This stage of HIV infection is AIDS, also known as , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Individual that has AIDS show a low number of CD4+ cells and get contagions of cancers that seldom arise in vigorous individuals. Having HIV does not indicate that you have AIDS. No one can just get AIDS. A person may get tainted with HIV, and then later develop AIDS. It takes longer for HIV to develop into AIDS, even without any treatments. Medications can slow the process or even stop the damage to the immune system if an individual has been diagnosed with HIV before it becomes AIDS. With the right treatments, people are able to live long active lives with HIV. HIV is contracted many different ways. The most common way an individual contracts HIV is through infected blood, semen, or vaginal fluids. Sharing drug needles with someone that is infected is another general way of contracting the virus. HIV can also be passed along from mother to child during pregnancy, child birth, and breast feeding. It is known that HIV cannot endure outside the body. HIV cannot be spread through informal contact such as kissing or sharing a drink with a person that has been infected. Symptoms of HIV may not show in the early stages. Individuals can possibly mistake the symptoms for mono or the flu. Common symptoms that may occur in the early stage include: headache, swollen lymph nodes, fever, skin rash, sore throat, muscle aches and joint pains. These symptoms may emerge from a couple of days to various weeks after an individual has primarily contracted the virus. Once the premature symptoms are gone, an individual that is infected with the virus may not have these symptoms again for years. At a definite point, symptoms resurface and then linger. These symptoms usually include: night sweats, weight loss, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and excessive tiredness. AIDS associated symptoms include brain tumors, other health problems, and serious weight loss. These infections can result in death without any treatments. As with other dise ases, each person deals with the disease differently. Some may not live a couple of months after contracting the disease and some may even live a fairly normal life for many years. There are even some HIV positive individuals that stay healthy without taking the antiretroviral medications. Getting tested is the only way for a person to know for sure if they have been infected with HIV. If a person has been infected with HIV, the immune system will make antibodies in order to obliterate the virus. These antibodies can be found in the blood stream only by doing a blood test. There are two tests that are performed by most doctors. These tests are called the ELISA and the Western blot assay. The ELISA is the first test that is conducted. If the results are positive, the test will performed again. If there is a positive result on the second test, a Western blot assay will be conducted. HIV antibodies could take at least six months to show up in a blood sample. Many aspects of HIV a re potentially stressful. For example, fear of death, the need to adhere to complex medication regiments, side effects of the treatments, interactions with a complex medical system, symptoms associated with disease progression, financial difficulties, stigma, and the need to incorporate a new identity as someone with a serious illness are all potential stressors associated with being HIV positive. It is important to note that these stressors are not necessarily unique to HIV (Moskowitz, 2009). There is no cure for AIDS, but there are treatments for HIV. The customary treatment for HIV is an amalgamation of medications called highly active antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral medications slow the pace at which the infection multiplies. Taking these medications can diminish the quantity of the infection virus in the body and help one stay vigorous. Babies infected with HIV from birth should be given powerful drugs to fight the virus as soon as possible. In a comparison of trea tment strategies, Avy Violari of the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg and colleagues report that babies getting medication, even when they are just weeks old, showed dramatically better survival than those treated only after HIV related symptoms appeared (Seppa 2008). There is never an easy time to determine when it is best to start treatments because of the advantages and disadvantages of taking the medications before any symptoms arise. If there are no symptoms and the CD4+ cell count is at a healthy level, treatment may not be needed at that time. Once treatments have started, it is detrimental that all medication be taken properly. If treatments do not work, it can be determined that the virus has become resistant to the medication. This can happen if the medication is not taken appropriately. In conclusion, HIV/AIDS is something that everyone needs to know about. This disease can be deadly and many know nothing about it. Information needs to be provided to people so they will know all about the disease. This will also show people that they do not have to be afraid of those that have the disease. Communities need to get together and come up with way to show teenagers that safe sex is the best sex. BET’s Rap It Up is one global awareness campaign to fight the spread of HIV/AIDS. Rap It Up is about taking a stand in your life and community to help stop the spread of HIV/AIDS. It is about protecting yourself and those you care about, being informed, getting tested for HIV annually, talking openly with your partner, friends and family and taking action in your community (2010). Instead of being scared; be brave and show everyone that there is nothing wrong with getting tested. It is better to know than not know. References BET Networks and BET Interactives,LLC. (2010). Rap-It-Up. Retrieved from https://www. rapituppresents. com Moskowitz, J. , Hult, J. , Bussolari, C. , Acree, M. (2009, January). What works in coping with HIV? A met a-analysis with implications for coping with serious illness. Psychological Bulletin, 135(1), 121-141. Seppa, Nathan. Treat HIV-positive babies early. (Brief article).   Science News  174. 13  (Dec 20, 2008):  9(1). References This is a hanging indent. To keep the hanging indent format, simply delete this line of text using the backspace key, and replace the information with your reference entry. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Communicable Disease" essay for you Create order

The Commonwealth Of The Bahamas - 981 Words

BACKGROUND PAPER ON THE BAHAMAS 1. The Commonwealth of the Bahamas, one of the wealthiest countries in the Caribbean is composed of 700 islands, cays, and islets. The Bahamas are located in the Atlantic Ocean with close proximity to the United States, located north of Cuba, Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The British Crown made The Bahamas a colony in 1718 in an overall effort to reduce the amount of piracy throughout the region, and the Bahamas remained under British rule until 1973, when it became an independent commonwealth. After gaining its independence the nation established diplomatic ties with the United States. Since the start of formal diplomatic relations, the United States has played an essential role as a major economic partner and consumer, as well as, a key partner in the nation’s politics, economics, and counter narcotic efforts. 2. The Commonwealth of the Bahamas governs itself with the utilization of a constitutional, parliamentary democracy that was carried over from British colonization. The constitution of The Bahamas, assumed at independence is fashioned on the Westminster model. The two-house parliament comprises the House of Assembly and the Senate, that both have similarity to the Congress of the United States. The only differentiation is in the Bahamas the modicum of power is mainly restricted to the House of Assembly rather than shared with the Senate. Queen Elizabeth II is documented as head of state but the position isShow MoreRelated Spread of United States Culture through Technology Essay1602 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract In todays society, the way in which information is spread drastically differs from that of yesterday, especially in different parts of the world - more specifically, the Commonwealth of Nations. As the United States continues to dominate almost every aspect of the world, including culture, many different nations scurry to keep up with them, sometimes adopting an identity which is in great contrast to their own, and in many cases, shadow their own identity as a whole. With the ever-advancingRead MoreThe Bahamas: A Thriving Nation1296 Words   |  5 PagesThe Bahamas: A Thriving Nation The Bahamas is a thriving nation! The British controlled the Bahamas until it won its independence in 1973. (â€Å"Remembering Our Past† 2014) Bahaman culture is very diverse, with intriguing cuisine; many represented religions, interesting and familiar holidays, beautiful clothing, and much more. In the Bahamas the economy is steadily developing, it is dependent on tourism and offshore banking. Bahaman resources include salt, aragonite, and timber. (â€Å"Central America aRead MoreThe Bahamas Is A Place Full Of Amazing Things And Wonders1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bahamas is a place full of amazing things and wonders. Seeing pictures of this place makes me want to visit through out my life people that would visit would always tell me â€Å"If there’s ever a time that you want to visit a place with different water resorts and historic land marks the Bahamas is the place to go.† Some people go to see celebrity grave sights such as Anna Nicole Smith and her so n, some just go to get away and be by the water to get there mind off of things. Some just go for surprisesRead MoreThe Country Of The Bahamas1682 Words   |  7 Pagesthat this writing assignment is specifically about the one country of The Bahamas. The Bahamas as a country has many elements to its national identity and many of those elements will be discussed in detail throughout this paper. The first component of that national identity is a little general background on The Bahamas. The capital city of the Bahamas is Nassau, located on New Providence island The country of The Bahamas has over seven-hundred islands located in the Atlantic Ocean. The total populationRead MoreThe Effects of Globalization1997 Words   |  8 PagesThe Effects of Diversification and Globalization in the Bahamas Diversification and globalization are important to the wellbeing and financial stability of any country. These traits are valuable to both individual and group strengths. Understanding these modules can affect the way people or corporations manage their business affairs. To understand the importance of both diversification and globalization we must first understand their individual importance. Let’s first look at diversification. 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Celebration of Commonwealth Day in Belize has a long story that begins at the end of the 19th century, when Queen Victoria was thought of as a motherly figure and represented the British Empire. Queen VictoriaRead MoreHistory of Caribbean Education1413 Words   |  6 PagesTHE COMMONWEALTH CARIBBEAN/BRITISH CARIBBEAN is the term applied to the English- speaking islands in the Carribbean and the mainland nations of Belize (formerly British Honduras) and Guyana (formerly British Guiana) that once constituted the Caribbean portion of the British Empire. This volume examines only the islands of the Commonwealth Caribbean, which are Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, the Windward Islands (Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Grenada), Barbados, the LeewardRead MoreImpacts Of The Regional Trading Blocs1192 Words   |  5 PagesEast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. Central American Common Market (CACM) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala,Read MoreAids in the Bahamas1764 Words   |  8 Pageswith HIV improved around the world† (â€Å"AVERTing HIV AIDS†). With innovative and private methods many organizations have formed for the fight against this disease, locally the AIDS Foundation of the Bahamas and globally, the Clinton Global Initiative. There has been several advancements in the Bahamas in conjunction with AIDS. Pregnant mothers who are infected with HIV are now able to take retrovirals that will could the baby from being born with AIDS. The origin of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Dorothea Lange Photographer Essay Research Paper Dorothea free essay sample

Dorothea Lange, Photographer Essay, Research Paper Dorothea Lange Dorothea Lange was born in 1895 in Hoboken, New Jersey. Her household had come from Germany to the United States as immigrants. When Dorothea was seven old ages old, she suffered from infantile paralysis. In 1907, her male parent left her household. And shortly, her female parent became an alky. Dorothea was lonely in high school until she began analyzing picture taking. At the age of 23, Dorothea left place, and in 1918, began an around the universe trip. She taught Ron Partridge picture taking and people started naming him her helper. Ron Partridge recalls that she was really determined non to halt her work. Dorothea Lange is best known for her work during the Great Depression. Other things she photographed were kids, ships, the Depression, and many others. She besides photographed Mormon communities. During her old ages in picture taking, she traveled to Asia, South America, Egypt, and India. She married Maynard Dixon in 1920. Her matrimony lasted 15 old ages and in 1935 she divorced him. However, while on assignment in New / gt ; Mexico, she remarried to Paul Taylor. In 1939, she began her foremost major undertaking. Subsequently, she worked for the Farm Security Administration. However, much struggle arose and in 1940 she was dismissed for the last clip. In the 1950 s and 60 s Dorotheas s hubby, Paul, spent six months snaping developing states and Asia. Dorothea began holding reoccurring ulcers. She was diagnosed with malignant neoplastic disease of the gorge. When she was in the Near East she caught malaria. Ansel Adams described her as a hard adult female who was opinionated, impatient, and wilful. A adult female who defied the societal gender outlooks. Her last undertaking was entitled, Dorothea Lange Looks at the American Country Woman. Dorothea can decidedly be described as person who stood up for adult females and knew that adult females could make anything anyone else could make. Dorothea one time said, We need to be reminded these yearss about what adult females have been and can be, it s a inquiry of their topographic point in society. The truly deep and cardinal topographic point in society. On October 11, 1965, Dorothea Lange died at the age of 70. ( map ( ) { var ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; ad1dyGE.type = 'text/javascript ' ; ad1dyGE.async = true ; ad1dyGE.src = 'http: //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js ' ; var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ; } ) ( ) ;